AQA A Level PE – The Cardiovascular System Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which statement best describes the role of High Density Lipoproteins?
• What is the body's transport system called?
• Which term explains the relationship between venous return and the strength of ventricular contraction?
• Which iron-containing pigment is found in slow-twitch muscle fibres where oxygen is stored?
• Rate-pressure product (RPP) is calculated as which of the following?
• Which mechanism redistributes cardiac output, directing more blood to skeletal muscles during exercise?
• Which lipoprotein is the 'bad' cholesterol that leads to increased risk of heart disease and transports cholesterol in the blood to tissues?
• Which valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?
• Which hormone released by the sympathetic nerves during exercise increases heart rate?
• The percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each beat is known as what?
• What centre coordinates autonomic control of the heart, receiving input from sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways?
• Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell where aerobic respiration occurs and energy is produced?
• During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart relax to allow filling with blood?
• Which structure divides the heart into two halves?
• The pressure in the Right Atrium is:
• What is the role of capillary density in exercise adaptations?
• The major mechanism promoting venous return by the contracting muscles squeezing the veins as they change shape is:
• Which is the larger chamber of the heart with thicker muscular walls?
• During exercise, which factor primarily causes vasodilation in active muscles?
• Which circulation carries oxygenated blood to the body from the heart and returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?
• Which layer is the muscular layer that contracts to pump blood?
• Which statement about oxygen diffusion during gas exchange is true?
• Which stroke type results from rupture of a weakened blood vessel?
• Which vessel leaves the left ventricle to supply the body?
• Which pump is driven by changes in thoracic and abdominal pressure during breathing?
• What term describes the volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute?
• Which cellular organelle is responsible for aerobic energy production in cells?
• Which term describes the release of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin to tissues?
• Which is the smaller chamber of the heart with thinner walls?
• An increase in blood CO2 and a decrease in pH reduces haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. What is this effect called?
• The phrase 'In through Atria and OUT through Ventricles' describes what?
• Exits the Left Ventricle with oxygenated blood, to go to the body.
• The pressure in veins bringing blood back to the heart is known as:
• Volume of blood returning to the right side of the heart via the vena cava is known as what?
• Cardiac output is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
• Which circulation delivers blood to all body tissues excluding the lungs?
• A fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery is known as what?
• Which peripheral adaptation most directly improves oxygen extraction in working muscle?
• The amount of resistance in the circulatory system during venous return is known as:
• Which part of the Nervous System consists of the Brain and Spinal Cord?
• During heat stress in exercise, which of the following best describes the cardiovascular response?
• What term describes widening of venous blood vessels?
• Bohr effect describes decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2 under conditions of higher CO2, lower pH, and higher temperature.
• What is the part of the nervous system that consists of the nerve cells to transmit information to and from the CNS called?
• Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
• What role does the cardiovascular system play in thermoregulation during exercise?
• Which muscle is involuntary and found in the walls of blood vessels?
• What term describes a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute?
• Which process describes the release of oxygen from haemoglobin to tissues?
• Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart's left atrium?
• The fluid part of blood (mainly water) that surrounds blood cells and transports them is known as:
• Which statement best describes concentric hypertrophy and its potential effects?
• During which phase are the ventricles relaxed with all valves closed?
• Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off.
• Which of the following is a chronic adaptation to regular training?
• Which term best describes the movement of blood through the heart from atria to ventricles?
• What is the role of the pulmonary system in supporting cardiovascular responses during exercise?
• Which receptors respond to arterial wall stretch and detect changes in blood pressure?
• How is heart rate estimated in the absence of direct measurement, and what are its limitations?
• Which describes exercise where the heart rate rises to meet oxygen demands and then declines gradually after exercise ends?
• Which valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle into the right atrium?
• What is the role of capillarisation in HIIT adaptations?
• Which statement best describes eccentric hypertrophy in comparison to concentric hypertrophy?
• What is the effect of plasma volume expansion on training adaptations?
• During exercise, how is peripheral resistance modulated in active muscles versus nonessential tissues?
• Increased venous return leading to greater diastolic filling and a higher force of contraction is described by which principle?
• Cardiovascular drift: a progressive rise in heart rate as stroke volume falls.
• Which term describes the widening of venous vessels?
• Exits the Right Ventricle with deoxygenated blood, to go to the lungs. Only artery to carry deoxygenated blood.
• RPP is a measure used in exercise physiology. What does RPP primarily indicate?
• Which circulation moves deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart?
• Which statement best describes how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact to meet elevated oxygen demands during sustained exercise?
• What device is used to measure blood pressure in a clinical setting?
• The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing is known as:
• Which pigment stores oxygen in muscle and is more abundant in slow-twitch fibres?
• During exercise, how does autonomic input change to heart rate?
• What term describes the shift in haemoglobin-oxygen affinity due to increased CO2 and decreased pH during exercise?
• The expression used to describe the pressure gradient in venous return is:
• How does training influence resting and maximal blood pressure, and why?
• Which mechanism promotes venous return through changes in intrathoracic pressure during breathing?
• Which term describes the heart's conduction system that generates rhythm and pace?
• Which vessel type has thick elastic walls to withstand high pressures?
• If plasma volume increases, what is the effect on venous return?
• The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction is called what?
• What is angina?
• During exercise, the redistribution of cardiac output directs more blood to skeletal muscles to meet oxygen demand. What is this mechanism called?
• What is blood pressure?
• Training influences venous compliance by which of the following?
• Which sensory nerve endings are located in the muscles, tendons and joints to provide information about movements and body position?
• Which layer forms the outer surface of the heart?
• Which condition leads to extra strain on arteries and heart, increasing risk of heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke or dementia?
• What is the term for the difference between the oxygen content of arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles?
• What is venous pooling and how can it be prevented during exercise?
• Stroke volume is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
• Which term describes the system consisting of all the blood vessels?
• Which statement best describes the oxygen transport pathway from the atmosphere to mitochondria in muscle?
• Right Atrial Pressure refers to the pressure inside which heart chamber?
• Which vessel brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium and is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood?
• Venous return mechanism located in the veins that prevents back flow and closes after blood passes is:
• How does training typically affect maximal cardiac output and stroke volume?
• Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
• The thickening of the heart muscle that increases its size and strength is called what?
• Endurance training increases plasma volume. How does this affect hematocrit and blood viscosity?
• The Cardiac Control Centre modulates heart rate through which division of the nervous system?
• Which term describes the heart's ability to generate its own impulses?
• Which describes exercise at maximal intensity with a sharp rise in heart rate followed by rapid decline after exercise stops?
• Most common form of a stroke and occurs when a blood clot stops the blood supply to the brain.
• A type of stroke that occurs when a weakened blood vessel supplying to brain bursts.
• What is the role of chemoreceptors in exercise responses?
• What is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute called?
• Systolic blood pressure is the pressure during ventricular contraction.
• Which lipoprotein transports cholesterol from tissues to the liver for breakdown?
• Which structures protect the heart and reduce friction?
• Which of the following describes how the cardiovascular system supports high-intensity interval training (HIIT)?
• How does blood viscosity influence vascular resistance and blood flow?
• Which system consists of the CNS and the Peripheral Nervous System and is controlled by the Cardiac Control Centre?
• Which transporter binds and carries oxygen in the blood from lungs to tissues?
• What term describes the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs?
• Which lipoprotein is the 'good' cholesterol that transports excess cholesterol back to the liver where it is broken down?
• How much the cardiac tissue can stretch during the diastole phase is described by which term?
• Which statement best describes eccentric hypertrophy?
• Which structure receives inputs from receptors to adjust heart rate and acts as the cardiac control centre?
• Blood pressure is typically measured using which device, and what does systolic pressure represent?
• What are the largest blood vessels that spread away from the heart and branch into arterioles and capillaries?
• Which term describes how the heart beats via its own conduction system?
• Regulate blood flow by ensuring that it moves in one direction. They open to allow blood to pass through, and then close to prevent back flow.
• What term describes narrowing of venous blood vessel walls?
• What is the term for the sequence SAN - Atrial Systole - AVN - Bundle of His - Purkinje Fibres - Ventricular Systole?
• During exercise testing, which finding could indicate cardiovascular disease risk?
• Describe the Fick principle in relation to oxygen consumption (VO2).
• Steady state of oxygen uptake occurs when?
• What does an increasing a-vO2 difference during exercise indicate?
• Which phase of the heartbeat is the heart contracting?
• Persistent high blood pressure can lead to damage to which organ?
• What term describes a measure of acidity with a scale of 1 to 14?
• What does the a-vO2 difference measure in physiology?
• Why is lactate clearance important for recovery, and how is it influenced by cardiovascular adaptations?
• What term is used for a resting heart rate below 60 bpm?
• Between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle.
• Which term refers to enlargement of the heart muscle that may accompany an increased ventricular cavity?
• Which vessels flow into the Right Atrium from the body via the inferior or superior vena cava?
• Which condition occurs when arteries harden and narrow due to fatty deposits?
• What is the measure of acidity with a scale from 1 to 14, where values below 7 indicate acidity?
• Which of the following is a laboratory method to assess cardiovascular fitness?
• Which vessels connect arteries to capillaries as they narrow in size?
• Explain how plasma volume expansion reduces the risk of heat illness during endurance events.
• Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is approximated by which expression?
• What is the function of the endocardium?
• Which vessel exits the left ventricle to supply the body?
• Which condition involves fatty deposits in arterial walls that can contribute to reduced blood flow?
• The Cardiac Control Centre is located in which part of the brain?
• The number of times the heart beats per minute is called what?
• The liquid component of blood that primarily transports nutrients, hormones, and wastes is known as what?
• Muscles contract and relax during breathing in and out. Pressure changes occur in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The changes in the pressure compress the nearby veins and assist blood returning to the heart is:
• Define lactate threshold and its relevance to performance.
• Which vessels are the smallest and the site of exchange with tissues?
• The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting is known as:
• Pocket valves are valves located in veins that prevent backflow. Which statement best describes their function?
• Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves ventricular ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries?
• Which statement best differentiates central and peripheral adaptations to training?
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?
• What is the vascular system called that carries blood through the body delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste?
• Which stroke is the most common form?
• Which statement about RER is true?
• Which receptors located in the carotid arteries sense chemical changes and stimulate heart rate when carbon dioxide increases during exercise?
• How does chronic training typically affect resting heart rate?
• Lactate clearance is primarily supported by which organs during recovery?
• Which term describes the state of the heart muscle thickening due to training, potentially with a larger ventricular cavity?
• Which concept involves the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in control of the heart?
• Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
• Which receptors respond to the stretching of arterial walls and cause a decrease in heart rate when blood pressure rises?
• Which parameter quantifies the resistance in the circulatory system during venous return?
• The total blood flow from the heart per minute is called what?
• Which of the following is a valid field test for cardiovascular fitness commonly used in A Level practice?
• What term describes widening of arteriolar blood vessels?
• What term describes narrowing of arteriolar walls?
• Which pigment is an iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin?